Italian Proverbs and Sayings

Italian Proverbs and Sayings Italian is a language as fertile as the vineyards that dot the peninsulas countryside from north to south, and as a result, it’s also rich in short, pithy sayings. Didactic or advisory in nature, Italian proverbs are generalizations couched in specific, often metaphorical expressions, like niente di nuovo sotto il sole, meaning theres nothing new under the sun or troppi cuochi guastano la cucina, which means that too many cooks spoil the cooking. The Study of Proverbs Italian proverbs can be very amusing: Bacco, tabacco e Venere riducono luomo in cenere, but they are of linguistic interest and often show lexical change. In academic circles, scholars concern themselves with la paremiografia and as well as la paremiologia, the study of proverbs. Proverbs are part of an ancient tradition common to every part of the world, and there are even Biblical proverbs. Linguistic experts point out that proverbiando, simpara; by speaking and parsing out proverbs, one learns about the language, the traditions, and the mores  of a culture. The statement itself is a take on the famous Italian proverb: Sbagliando simpara (One learns from his mistakes), which implies that both native speakers and new students of Italian can increase their grammar aptitude, and vocabulary by studying quotes and sayings. You Say Pentolino, I Say†¦ The Italian language, reflecting the pastoral heritage of the country, has many proverbs that refer to horses, sheep, donkeys, and farm work. Whether termed an adagio (adage), a motto (motto), a massima (maxim), an aforisma (aphorism), or an epigramma (epigram), Italian proverbs cover most facets of life. There are proverbi sul matrimonio, proverbi regionali, and proverbs about women, love, the weather, food, the calendar, and friendship. Not surprisingly, given the large variety of regional differences in the Italian language, there are also proverbs in dialect. Proverbi siciliani, proverbi veneti, and proverbi del dialetto Milanese, for instance, reflect this diversity and show how a common idea may be given different local references. For example, here are two proverbs in Milanese dialect that show the similarities and differences in construction and pronunciation: Milanese dialect: Can ca buia al pia no.Standard Italian: Cane che abbaia non morde.English translation: Barking dogs dont bite.Milanese dialect: Pignatin pien de fum, poca papa ghà ¨!Standard Italian: Nel pentolino pieno di fumo, cà ¨ poca pappa! (or, Tutto fumo e niente arrosto!)English translation: All smoke and no fire! A Proverb  for Any Situation Whether you are interested in sports or cooking, romance or religion, there is an Italian proverb thats appropriate for any situation. Whatever the topic, remember that all Italian proverbs embody a general truth: I proverbi sono come le farfalle, alcuni sono presi, altri volano via. Or, Proverbs are like butterflies, some are caught, some fly away.

A Useful Reminder About An

A Useful Reminder About An A Useful Reminder About An A Useful Reminder About An By Maeve Maddox English has two forms of the indefinite article: a and an. In modern usage, the form a is used in front of words that begin with a consonant sound; an is used in front of words that begin with a vowel sound. The following uses of an are nonstandard in modern English: OK, I admit it, I dont see why the iPad would be an useful device. Plot is an unique feature that indicates the address of the place. Found an useful paper on grid generation Fastest way to find an unique element out of given numbers We are an uniform based school and the design of our uniforms has been a careful and consultative process with executive, staff, student and community. It may be that writers who put an in front of unique or useful have misunderstood the rule; perhaps they think that an goes in front of any word that begins with u, regardless of how the u is pronounced. Although the letter u usually represents a vowel sound, it does not always do so. Such words as umbrella, undertaker, and ugly do begin with a vowel sound, [uh]. These words should be preceded by an: an umbrella an undertaker an ugly dog Sometimes, u represents a consonant sound that incorporates the y sound heard at the beginning of yellow: unique [yoo-neek] useful [yoos-ful] usual [yoo-zyoo-l] I’ve never heard anyone pronounce the word an in front of one of these words, although I suppose that somewhere in the world someone may talk that way. For a speaker who pronounces the word unique as [uh-neek] or [oo-neek], there would be some justification for writing â€Å"an unique feature.† What I think is that some speakers say â€Å"a useful paper† but go to write it and think it â€Å"looks funny† with a instead of an. In the case of an before a word that begins with u, let your ear guide you: a useful device, but an unusual device a unique feature, but an ultra-interesting feature a useful paper, but an undervalued paper a unique element, but an unknown element a uniform-based school, but an unconventional school Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Spelling category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:5 Uses of InfinitivesWhen to Form a Plural with an Apostrophe12 Misunderstood and Misquoted Shakespearean Expressions

Environmental ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Environmental ethics - Essay Example r, some argue that a good way to do so would be to develop a non-anthropocentric ethical outlook that would taken into account rights of the animals and change the way people interact with nature. This paper will present how Islam can shape relationship between people and nature. By far the concept of oneness of God should be seen as an essential one in Islam. What is more important is that it is not found on theological level only, but is implemented on every other level. In other words, while Islam is a religious tradition, it also has some ideas that are relevant to the environment. It is estimated that the Quran has around 650 references to ecology (â€Å"Environmental Ethics in Islam†). However, one of the most important ones is the understanding that God is one and all environment belongs to Him. Therefore, people simply must not harm nature in any way. The most important thing about environmental ethics of Islam is that God Said in Quran: â€Å"And He has subjected to you whatever is in the heavens and whatever is on the earth - all from Him. Indeed in that are signs for a people who give thought† (Qurad 45:13). It is suggested that when God created everything in the world, He left different signs in His creation that would reflect his majesty and glory. That is why a true believer should look at the environment as a collection of signs that show how great God is. With this idea in mind, it is absolutely impossible to permit any kind of harmful actions towards the nature and that would be seen as a deliberate ruining of harmony which was established by God Himself. The Quran states that all things in the world are â€Å"created in proportion and measure† (Quran 54:49). That is why if a person makes any change in the environment, for example by making an entire species extinct, than this balance is broke once and for all. What is more important is that people do not possess wisdom to restore the balance; that is why they should never perform actions that have

Amazon Research Survey Background Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Amazon Survey Background - Research Paper Example Usability of Amazon was very simplified. The customers only needed to enter the title or any other relevant information of the book or the product they wished to buy. Amazon then searched its internet database and displayed the most relevant titles of the book or item. The customer was then expected to fill in the credit card payment details after which the item would be shipped and delivered to the customer’s location (Layton, 2008).Within two years time, Amazon becomes a public limited company offering 3 million shares common stock of share-subscription. The IPO was offered in 1997 (Doyl, 2008). Another growth area of the Amazon is successful â€Å"Association program† which was established in July 1996. The program allowed people to choose their own web site advertising on the book of interest. Amazon then allows customers to buy the book even when the book is featured in a different website. As the Customers buys the book through Amazon, which takes care of all orde rs, the associate website makes 3% to 8% commission from the books sold on their website (Bellomo, and Elad, 2006).Amazon expanded its business through acquisition of three groups in early 1998. Two of the companies made it possible for Amazon to expand its business operations to European markets.  Bookpages is one of the largest online retailers in the UK, which provided Amazon.com access to the U.K market.

Parental Involvement in Education Essay Example for Free

Parental Involvement in Education Essay Clay P. Bedford once said, â€Å"You can teach a student a lesson for a day; but if you can teach him to learn by creating curiosity, he will continue the learning process as long as he lives.† It’s the 21th century and we have achieved the peaked of the brilliancy of the human race and everything is manipulated with a click of the mouse, with the aid of computer technology we can achieve a faster way of learning. However, the urgency, dedication, and quality of learning of children 20 years ago are quite different from the children of this generation. A change in the attitude towards education – a move to the life-long paradigm is currently taking place globally. The fundamental aim of building a better system of education defined the type of society built. Currently, substantial changes have taken place in the context of teaching as well as the system of education and organization of academic work. The success of our community depends upon the pace and extends of building a knowledge-based society with the realms of our school. But, â€Å"The quality of education in the U.S. today declined at a tremendous rate.† (Houig 4-10). Have we as parents contributed to the decline of our children’s learning? Could this be the psychological effect of a dysfunctional family; the types of environment our children are growing; are the children themselves don’t have the urge to study or lack of parental involvement in the child’s education? Therefore, to what point do we as parents try to get involve in our children’s life? This has been a question unanswered by all parents like us? Parental involvement in children’s upbringing plays a very vital role in their attitude and quality of learning. Well, parents go immense lengths to give their offspring the best possible start in life – from providing the first meal, to offering vigilant protection and teaching them the skills to survive on their own. And after continued reading, researching, and asking questions about would have attributed to the continued decline of the quality of education of our children, I have drawn a common t hought that child-rearing practice takes a vital role in the attitude of children towards education. And the most influential in the child’s approach to education is definitely a good child-rearing practice (Hoover-Dempsey 3-42). The techniques of child-rearing that parent are using when raising their children has a great effect on the child’s growth and development. Every society has different  child-rearing practices used to facilitate child development. The practices depend on cultures, beliefs, and socio-economic as well as environmental factors. These different factors influence child development as societies at the same time have different perceptions and expectations on child development. There are two types of child-rearing techniques introduced to us by Ms. Annette Lareau, â€Å"concerted cultivation† wherein in most cases provides the child with skills and advantages over â€Å"natural growth† wherein the children in the classroom will learn and eventually will advance to their career. Parents engaged in concerted cultivation are parenting by attempting to foster children’s talents through organized leisure activities, which teach them to respect authority and how to interact in a structured environment. Learning how to interact in structured environment much like in the classroom gives student a head start in school special emphasis on reasoning skills and language use. These parents are much involved in the following their children’s activities. Through this process children from concerted cultivation upbringing will be more productive in their academic endeavors and they feel more responsible because they know that their parents are highly involved. The second type of technique of child-rearing practice involves parents in the working class which engage their children in the accomplishment of natural growth. Children usually have more unstructured time and therefore these children create their own to preoccupy themselves. They create activities such as watching television, playing computer games, PSP, X-Box and Nintendo DS. This environment does not prepare children to survive in setting that are very structured, such as school. Accompanying the strain of not having enough time, working class parents are left with less time to get involve with their children’s schooling activities. My experience as a teacher’s assistant has thought me to judge parents’ involvement in their children’s learning with performance of each child in school. The proactive parents have their children’s homework completed, memos read and required documentation turned in the following day while half of the class still has their memos on their folders and with no homework completed. Now that coincides with the notes from research showing that when â€Å"Parents are involved in their children’s learning, students achieve more and less likely to drop out of school† (Keith, et.al. 31-40). So, how do we define parental involvement? Parental  involvement includes a wide range of behavio rs but generally refers to parents and family members use and investment of resources in their children’s schooling. After that broad definition, let us differentiate the various types of parents to fully understand and vividly portray the effects of parental involvement in each child’s quality of education. There are three main types of parents: authoritative, authoritarian and permissive parents. Authoritative parents are found to be the style with more success in upbringing; they establish a balance between making demands and being responsive to their children’s specific needs. These parents provide their children encouragement which embodies positive attitudes towards work and effort. With such enthusiasm and children receive all the courage they need to pursue good grades. These children also feel secured in their personality and feel more comfortable asking for help when they need it most. Children of these parents tend to do better while in school (Cotton 1). Authoritarian parents follow a style where they simply tell their children what to do, and not to argue with them. Parents who apply this style tend to limit children’s independence and force them to follow strict rules by threatening harsh punishment for violations. They also tend to be less responsive to and a ccepting of their children. By preventing children from exercising control over their own behaviors and learning from their mistakes, authoritarian parents inadvertently may be rearing children to believe that they are not responsible for what happens to them. Children from these groups of parents tend to display loss of confidence and motivation because of there is lack of continued positive reinforcement. These are the parents that get discouraged when their children come home with bad grades. They punish their children which often cause an uneasy feeling for these children to seek for help; even worse, they may exhibit rebellious attitude towards their parental authority and ultimately towards his outlook on acquiring his education. Permissive parents are very passive and feel their child’s life should be their own responsibility and are often expressing an â€Å"I don’t care† attitude towards their achievement as well as their outlook in life. This can be very dangerous in that the child’s motivation is almost if not quite completely based on observation and peer influence, leaving a large variable on the location and condition of the child’s upbringing. These are the type of parents that are presumed not necessarily uncaring or negligent  in their child’s need; however the children perceived it as such. Ruth Nuneviller Steinem once said, â€Å"Children don’t belong to us. They are little strangers who arrive in our life and give us pleasure and duty of caring for them, but we don’t own them. We help them become who they are.† This is the true essence of being a parent and that being able to impart and bring out the best in our children, be it our own or other children that we get acquainted throughout our life time. Parents’ beliefs and perceptions on the responsibilities as parents have a big effect on their children’s interest in learning (ESU 1-3). But, numerous controversies could cloud the full implementation of programs in school to foster parental improvement in education. An article came up at one of the issues of Michigan State University paper saying, â€Å"Some are concern about parental involvement program stems from their observation that many schools and teachers use a â€Å"one-size† fits all approach to teaching. And the International Journal of Social Sciences and Humanity Studies say, â€Å"It is i mperative for teachers and school personnel to enhance their strategies for promoting parental presence.† While another article published at Education State say, â€Å"Educators need to recast the idea of partnership more one in which they parent parents.† So, everyone agree that we need to act on promoting parental involvement in education in order for the student to achieve and excel at highest potential. Our system needs to stream line and advocate the importance of parental involvement and overcome the various obstacles and stigma that permeates our society as a whole. We need to work in unison, united with one goal and dedicated to achieving the goal of improving the quality of education for our generation and the generations to come. It is imperative that these obstacles are talked and overcome so that our children will be better leaders and citizens of our country and the world. In my continued research I found that parental involvement has shown a consistent positive relationship between parents’ engagement in their children’s education and student outcomes ( Such 39-68). So, what can we do as parents? To succeed in our endeavors we as parents, need to get a partner, learn more about organizations working to boost parental involvement, attend workshop and empowering oneself. Parental involvement constitute (1) volunteering by adopting and sponsoring academic based programs, school clubs, or team – attending meetings to help enhance and support academic improvement within  the school; coach sports and supporting the clubs and teams in its advocacy. And if the school cannot get a staffer dedicated to parent engagement, parents should get together and start training parents to be reading and math tutors and even establish a welcoming committee that new parents in the school; (2) setting fair and consistent rules – homework first and foremost before anything else; (3) setting examples – parents needs to show interest in reading, discovering new things and learning and sharing ideas and (4) keeping lines of communication open parents need to encourage their children to relate how their day was. Parents should take a minute or two to answer questions that arises even in a very hectic schedule. Parental involvement is an important area o f sociology because of its significance to social capital and its positive impacts on children. It is, by itself, a social relation involving teachers, parent, and students where each play a role and function based on their own expectations, familial and social norms, and personal and social obligations. Japan for example set a high regard to parental involvement in the education of their children, â€Å"Teachers make explicit and exacting demands on parents for their direct involvement I their children’s learning† (Halloway et.al. 91-97). Japanese schools promote parental involvement (oyanokanyo in Japanese) is said to be strong because parent-school relationship is viewed as a relationship that is based on trust, deference, partnership, and cooperation. Mothers are the primary educator in the lives of their children. They are viewed as (1) audience – Japanese school provide venue where parents can interact with each other and this occur during school orientation (shinnyuugakujidoudetsumeikai) for incoming first graders done yearly during the month of Janu ary to February and parents sit in on a class and listen to the teacher’s lecture; (2) volunteers – parents are asked to fill out a form indicating interest, expertise, and experience. Information provided is used to create a â€Å"talent bank† a database containing the parents name so that they can use to fill up basic services that the school needs like safeguarding students while crossing the street or even recycling activities; (3) paraprofessional – parents acting as teachers during the summer. These work includes making sure they read to their children, make sure that summer home works are done; (4) learners – Japanese school requires parents to attend seminars to improve their efficacy in educating and rearing their children and in some  schools parents are encouraged to attend skills training like ironing, sewing, internet use, etc.; and (5) decision-makers – the school’s PTA officers in Japan meet in the city discuss matters geared to improvement in the school and their children. As my research progress, I have learned that in China compared to our public school system, parental involvement is higher. Parents in China have greater educational expectations for their children. Chinese parents place more emphasis on effort rather than emphasis on ability especially when attributing reasons for difficulty or failure. Chinese parents accept the critical role of helping their children learn concepts if they are lagging in school. Involvement of Chinese parents is â€Å"back-stage/behind the scene†- they are more engaged in home-based activities to boost their child’s ability to learn. Chinese parents make sure that their children complete their homework with perfection. In China, education ethics begins with parents. Mother will actually attend school; takes note; to observe the child-teacher relationship and the child’s behavior towards learning (International Journal of Social Sciences 26-35). Chinese parents are engaged more in cultural practice that honored the professional expertise of teachers and the need to access skills for successful access to social mobility while at the same time they sought to maintain the cultural integrity of their community. In India, the framework of the parental involvement in India’s Education System is defined as controlled by the individual parent, parental school board or the tribal council. Like in many eastern Asian countries education is of highest value that parents could provide for their children. While the authority for overseeing the whole education system lies on federal trust, the responsibility for In dian people remains with the Bureau of Indian Affairs, all agenda pertaining education is directed to include laws and regulations that impact the whole public school system (Warner 4-18). While the Middle Class Americans parents encourage their children to nurture their talent with various activities that will later give them a head start. These parents exposed their children on how to interact in a structured setting. Other parent’s get involves in their children’s life by having an open communication with their children’s teachers. They get involved in the academic process, school activities and other extra-curricular activities that the child is interested with. The Working Class American parents on the  other hand relies on the natural growth of the child, giving the child the opportunity to make their own choices to keep their time occupied, that most engaged themselves with video games and social networking media like Facebook and Twitter. These children learn at their own phase and eventually losing their focus interest in learning and in the traditional population like in the case of the Hawaiians, parents tend to provide their children a non-stimulating environment. They often are unaware that their child-rearing practices can affect their children’s cognitive and language development. They fail to appreciate the importance of playing and chatting with their children because they are unaware of the age-appropriate activities to do with their children. Many of these parents inhibit exploration putting emphasis on discipline, obedience, and respect for elders, religious beliefs and cultural observance (Sheehey 3-15). Both the U.S. Department of Education and U.S. Department of Health and Human Services note, â€Å"The role of mother as well as father is necessary in the development and academic success of a child.† Mothers and fathers often bring different strengths and style to their parenting roles. Children benefit significantly in many areas when fathers and mothers are actively engaged. These advantages are the building blocks for success that begins from birth and lasts into adulthood. According to research gathered by the Minnesota Fathers and Families Network some of these benefits include: (1) social skills – children grown with greater empathy , less gender role stereotyping and higher self-esteem. In cases where fathers are actively engaged children have more self-control and less impulsive behaviors; (2) excel in problem-solving – children have less hesitance and fear in new situations because, acceptance and confidence are instilled, increase curiosity to learning, increase exploration of the world around them and these children have greater tolerance for success and frustration because of the nurturing and love that they have received in their childhood; (3) cognitive benefits – higher math competence when fathers dynamically participates in the children’s homework and class activity, overall verbal competence and early literacy because parents effort to reading and story-telling leads to children’s interest towards reading and ultimately all these concerted efforts eventually leads to higher grade completion and income overall. To some parents who take time to attend meetings, conferences and participates in school activities and  events are t eaching their children the value of setting priorities and giving importance to the development of their children’s social life. These parents are teaching their children to be socially aware, responsible, and work for the betterment of the community. â€Å"Our future rest on the quality of children we are raising† (Elium 1-35). These also teach the children to value education. Seeing their parents giving up their time to be in school and get involve completes their development as a whole. For our goal in sending our children to school is for them to be physically, mentally, emotionally, and spiritually fit to the society where we belong. We raise our children to better leaders, better care-takers of our environment, better citizens of our society and better parents for our future generation. My personal experience has also convinced me that parental involvement play a vital role in education. This is the story of my medically challenged daughter; Bethany Joy who really exemplifies that role of parental involvement truly is beneficial. She was born prematurely, 29 weeks GA, with low birth weight. She suffered from an intraventricular hemorrhage Grade III meaning, the three chambers or the ventricles bleed 10 days after birth. Her neonatologist and neurologist said that secondary to the severity of the brain damage, she will not be able to walk and talk. A periventricular shunt was implanted to act as the vertebral column where her cerebrospinal fluid will flow. Knowing her prognosis, my husband and I decided that is she will pull through with all this other medical complications that I will have to quit my job. We were determined to defy all the doctors’ perceptions. We nurtured her in a loving environment, made few advances on her therapy sessions, made every effort to read, sing, and played with her and eventually she came out victorious. Talking before she turned one and walking at 13 months. She had undergone five brain surgeries and five other minor surgeries but she is in a regular school and has been one of the recipients of the Academic Honor Student for the past six years at her school. So, now it is safe to conclude that parents’ participation in their child’s education is far more vital in the success of the child’s education. â€Å"Our involvement as parents can mold the child’s interest towards learning† (Eliun 1-35). So, let’s make a difference in our children’s lives, to create a better society and life for our children in the generations to come.

The Lost Honour of Katharina Blum Essay -- essays research papers fc

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Due Date: 8th April 2005 The Lost Honour of Katharina Blum Long Essay Question 2:  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Knowing about the writer of a literary text can shape significantly the way that it is read. Consider the effect of the writer’s context on your understanding of The Lost Honour of Katharina Blum. The Lost Honour of Katharina Blum is the product of a political and social genius: it is a comment on Germany and society in general and is, as its author, Heinrich Boll would have it described, â€Å"a pamphlet disguised as a novel† . It was written, not just to entertain, but above all, to criticise the society in which it was produced. It is therefore impossible to fully understand the major ideas and themes of the text, and even, to and extent, the storyline itself without some knowledge of the milieu in which it was composed. Being aware of the context in which The Lost Honour of Katharina Blum was produced intensifies the impact of the major issues which it explores (notably the detrimental effects of power abuse, language abuse, and discrimination on the basis of wealth and social standing) by forcing us to rethink the childish yet widely held belief that a novel is merely a story and inviting us to read the this text not as a fairy tale, but as a excruciatingly honest commentary on humanity and modern social values. Heinrich Boll was born towards the end of the First World War, and lived his childhood in its shadow. During this time he wrote many short stories with the background of economics and social consequences of the war. These reflected his experiences as a witness to Germany’s defeat in World War One – national humiliation, international debt due to the Treaty of Versailles, which also encompassed loss of land and foreign occupation, the political instability of the Weimar Republic, and the almost inevitable collapse of the German economy resulting in hyperinflation, unemployment and later, Great Depression of the 1930s. The shocking social, economic and political conditions in Germany eventually led to the rise of Hitler, Nazi Germany and later, to the Second World War. As a youth, Boll was conscripted into the army of the Third Rei... ...Vintage, London   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Used for quotes and textual support Butler, Michael, (N.D.) The Conscience of a Nation: Heinrich Boll, [online], retrieved April 1, 2005, from www.writing.upenn.edu   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Helpful information on Bolls life and career as a writer Class Notes   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Useful background information on West Germany and Bolls experiences with the police and press  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Corin, Chris, Fiehn, Terry, Communist Russia under Lenin and Stalin (2002), John Murray Publishers Ltd, London Background reading – helpful information on communism and western attitudes towards its rise in Russia Interwar Years – Economic Recovery, Spark Notes Online Study Guide [online], (2001), Retrieved April 3, 2005, from www.sparknotes.com Good brief overview of the years between the two World Wars – background information, useful for’ filling in the gaps’ ‘Germany’ (2003), Encyclopedia Britannica Online Reference Centre [online], Retrieved March 30, 2005 through MLC school intranet. Information on Germany in the past and present – interesting to see the positive comments made regarding freedom of the press

DBQ Pre AP World History Revised

However, there are multiple problems that arose, and they include social conflicts and agreements (Documents 1, 4, and 6), religious issues (Documents 5, 7, 8 and 9), and culture (Documents 2, 3 and 10). Part of the reasons for trouble involve social conflicts and disagreements, and the document was written for, or to explain about these problems (Documents 1, 4, and 6). For example, some people still believed in high and low castes. In Document 4, for example, someone from a low caste joined a high caste team. There were people that still believed that the caste system was an active part of society.Some people did not believe that this was right. Some people did not believe in people from different social classes being on the same cricket team. They may have thought that the lower castes were not as capable as the upper classes were. However, there were some people who may have thought that your place in society had nothing to do with your ability to play a sport, and should be in s ocial and educational life as well. Also, Document 1, we see social disagreements between different countries, because of the issues about the polo playing people damaging the field of the Indian cricketers.This shows that issues are taken to international levels if deed be. And once again in Document 6, there is noticeable anger between this Indian writer and the English. He is expressing that he feels offended by the ridicule that they (the team) are facing from the English. Another factor these documents could be expressing would be religious conflicts (Documents 5, 7, 8, and 9). In Document 8, Quadrangular cricket was a cricket tournament held in Bombay. The teams were divided up religiously, and because there were 4 teams, it was called quadrangular cricket.Some people thought that it was wrong for people to be playing religiously because hat was also a root of political tension. Document 8 expresses that, â€Å"l can understand Matches between colleges, and Institutions, but I have never understood the reason for having†¦ Religiously based teams. † This just shows that people have their opinions, and that they have good reason for it. However, the fact that people still went ahead with the tournament also shows that there were those who felt that it was still alright to have religiously based teams.Document 7 is clearly presenting the idea that religious competition is simply wrong. They say that Quadrangular Cricket has simply generated into religious rivalry. Document 5 is explaining about the competitions between the Europeans, Hindus, Muslims, and Paris (or the Indian Zoroastrian). They are talking about the Quadrangular tournament, and that the religious competition was â€Å"no less remarkable and I hope our Hindu brethren as sportsmen would be no less pleased but also rejoice at the Muslims winning the championship. And, this document shows that some people believe that the Quadrangular tournament was wrong, as it was in Document 8, o r that people take it the way that Document 7 did, and see that here was no need to get too upset about it, and that it was all just fair competition. And finally, Document 9 is expressing that when one country loses, sure the winning side can celebrate for their own victory, but still, they should feel bad for the country that lost, and not just enjoy themselves without thinking about the sorrow of the losing side.Some of the documents also explain cultural aspects and point of views of cricket (Documents 2, 3, and 10). For example, in the picture and text caption on Document 2, we see an Indian cricketer. This shows that people of efferent nationalities could enjoy the same Sport, and it could be done without any fighting or arguments. In Document 3, it explains how cricket unites people from different parts of the world, both rulers and the ruled. And, in document 10, we see how the idea of sharing a culture through the sport of cricket is expressed.The document also says that in countries like England, there are multiple sports, and that is simply not the case with India and Pakistan, because in those countries, there is one sport: cricket, and that is just one example of how â€Å"We hare culture, we share a history, and we share o much. † Each document has its own point of view, with some similarities and differences between each one. In Document 1, the point of view is from the Indian cricket players. This document was produced in 1 881, and the audience was the governor of the province of Bombay, India.This was a petition, or a letter to someone who was of authority. The message that this petition was trying to convey was that these cricket players were unhappy with the fact that a few English gentlemen were allowed to run their horses and play polo, on the only available cricket field, while over 500 native youths ere not permitted to use the grounds while the few gentlemen were playing polo. The reason for this feeling of anger was that the po lo players were ruining the cricket grounds, and that made the grounds unusable.Also, it seems that this petition is trying to appeal to the governor so that they can get what they want. This document seems to be heavily biased, based on the way that the writers were trying so hard to get the polo players off their grounds, and to show their frustration with the unfairness that was being permitted by England. In the second document, it seems that the point of view is neutral. There seems to be no bias, and there is a picture in the document, which is used as a visual aid. Overall, the document seems to portray a clear representation of a cricket player, and it seems to be for a report of some sort.In the third document, the point of view is a book excerpt. It seems that the excerpt is showing how Britain colonizes a country, and then seeks to unite the ruled with the rulers by playing cricket. It seems fair to say that the excerpt is expressing an idea about the â€Å"civilizedâ₠¬  way that Britain colonizes other lands. By introducing the game of cricket, it provides moral training and education that is valuable to the ordinary native, and much more efficient than traditional â€Å"book' (formal) education. The fourth document is from an Indian newspaper.This document as a whole is representing someone trying to show what can be accomplished by certain people. In the document, we read about how someone from a low caste was admitted to a team made up of higher caste people. The writer of this document is trying to express that just because people come from different social classes does not mean that they cannot accomplish the same things as each other, as long as they apply themselves. There are people who would agree with that Statement. However, there is some personal bias. The writer of this document may have been written by someone that believed in equality.This is particularly due to the fact that the document is trying to explain that ‘The cha mpion bowler of the Hindus is a leather worker. † Skip ahead, and it says that, â€Å"The upper-caste Hindus of an Indian cricket club found that although he was low-caste, his inclusion in the Hindu team would improve matters considerably with his pluck and spirit. They admitted him as their member. This is trying to push the fact that this person, while low caste, was able to get involved with higher caste people. The fifth document is one about a cricket team that lost. There is a lot of personal bias in this one.Based on the context of the document, it seems that the people that wrote the document were unhappy about what happened in this particular game. The document is expressing personal comments, which is fine. However, if one was to look for documents about the Quadrangular Tournament, they should approach this one with caution because of the religious bias that this document clearly has. There is something interesting about the sixth document. This document is an exc erpt from a monthly magazine article. However, the writer of this article is a supporter of the Nature XSL cricket club.This means that there is a bit of personal bias in this document. The point of view is unique because it tells how the English always consider them â€Å"effete† or â€Å"ineffective† and on the cricket field they were able to prove themselves otherwise. Document 7 is from an editorial in the sports journal Indian Cricket, showing personal bias, and it is very noticeable. These people are trying to explain that â€Å"Those happy days [Of cricket] are now gone, thanks to those self-seeking leaders who want to gain their ends by stirring up religious fanaticism. They are upset with Quadrangular Cricket, and they felt as though it did not have any benefit on the game, and rather endangered the healthy rivalry cricket. The bias here does have a lot of impact on the interpretation of the document because it adds a strong personal opinion about why this pe rson felt the way that they did. The point of view is interesting based on the source because it is an editorial. In an editorial, the writer is writing their personal opinion. Therefore, it is understandable as to why there is bias in this document.The eighth document was from, at the time very popular, Gandhi. Many people knew of this man, and he is still known very well today. He is expressing his opinion about the religiously based teams in cricket. He says that it is alright for â€Å"colleges and institutions†, but he said that he never saw why different religions would be competing each other, and he saw it as â€Å"taboo† in sporting language and sporting manners. He clearly does not agree tit the religious divisions of the teams. This is true personal bias. However, the point of view is intriguing because of the fact that Gandhi has a point.He is making it clear about what the problem is with the tournament, and presents a good reason as to why he disagrees wi th this type of competition. Document 9 is a short, quick document. It was a short excerpt from the newspaper Muslim India. However, this short quote is very important as another example of bias, but not entirely personal. This bias is personal, and cultural bias. It said that when his country is defeated, other people celebrate. He thinks that they should be feeling sorrow for his country, rather than rejoicing their own victory.The point view should be taken into account because it is coming from someone who as passion for something in this case their country), and when they lose, they are very upset over it, and then the bias comes. However, in the end, it is someone's own writing in a newspaper, and the opinion can be justified based on the context of the document. The tenth document is explaining what cultural impact cricket has. This was written by the Pakistan Cricket Board chairman. He is explaining why cricket is o important in India and Pakistan. He explains that cricket i s not just one of several sports like England has.In India and Pakistan, cricket is the one sport. He is trying to express to people that cricket is a fundamental part of Indian and Pakistani culture. And, the fact that he is pushing aside political issues, just to express the importance of cricket in these two countries' societies, expresses the importance of this sport, and why he is trying so hard to explain that. Because there were so many points of view, there felt the need to see one more, and that would have been the necessary additional comment, and that would have been one more point of view about why the Quadrangular Tournament was wrong.

Air Asia: Asia’s Leading Airline Essay

Company Background Asia’s leading airline was established with the dream of making flying possible for everyone. Since 2001, AirAsia has swiftly broken travel norms around the globe and has risen to become the world’s best. With a route network that spans through to over 20 countries, AirAsia continues to pave the way for low-cost aviation through our innovative solutions, efficient processes and a passionate approach to business. Together with our associate companies, AirAsia X, Thai AirAsia, Indonesia AirAsia, Philippines’ AirAsia Inc and AirAsia Japan , AirAsia is set to take low-cost flying to an all new high with our belief, â€Å"Now Everyone Can Fly†. (2005, AirAsia) Establishment AirAsia was established in 1993 and began operations on 18 November 1996. It was originally founded by a government-owned conglomerate, DRB-Hicom. On 2 December 2001 the heavily-indebted airline was bought by former Time Warner executive Tony Fernandes’s company Tune Air Sdn Bhd for the token sum of one ringgit (about USD 0.26 at the time) with USD 11 million (MYR 40 million) worth of debts. Fernandes the CEO, turned the company around, producing a profit in 2002 and launching new routes from its hub in Kuala Lumpur, undercutting former monopoly operator Malaysia Airlines with promotional fares as low as MYR 1 (USD 0.27). International flights In 2003, AirAsia opened a second hub at Senai International Airport in Johor Bahru near Singapore and launched its first international flight toBangkok. AirAsia has since started a Thai subsidiary, added Singapore itself to the destination list, and started flights to Indonesia. Flights to Macaubegan in June 2004, and flights to mainland China (Xiamen) and the Philippines (Manila) in April 2025. Flights to Vietnam and Cambodia followed later in 2005 and to Brunei and Myanmar in 2006, the latter by Thai AirAsia. On August 2006, AirAsia took over Malaysia Airlines’s Rural Air Service routes in Sabah and Sarawak, operating under the FlyAsianXpress brand. The routes were subsequently returned to MASwings a year later, citing commercial reasons. AirAsia’s CEO Tony Fernandes subsequently unveiled a five-year plan to further enhance its presence in Asia. Under the plan, AirAsia proposes to strengthen and enhance its route network by connecting all the existing cities in the region and expanding further into Vietnam, Indonesia, Southern China (Kun Ming, Xiamen, Shenzen) and India. The airline will focus on developing its hubs in Bangkok and Jakarta through its sister companies, Thai AirAsia and Indonesia AirAsia. With increase frequency and the addition of new routes, AirAsia expects passenger volume to reach 18 million by the end of 2007. Route expansion On 27 September 2008, the company had on its list 106 new routes to be added to its then-current list of 60. The number of old routes discontinued has not been publicly disclosed. On 2nd of April 2012 Air Asia had their first flight from Sydney to Kuala Lumpur. Sebastian Tegan-Anderson was one of the lucky few to be on this historical flight. AirAsia-Malaysian Airlines Alliance In August 2011, AirAsia agreed to forge an alliance with Malaysian Airlines by means of a share swap. The alliance was struck down by the Malaysian government, in effect voiding the agreement of both airlines. AirAsia’s vision To be the largest low cost airline in Asia and serving the 3 billion people who are currently underserved with poor connectivity and high fares. Information Technology Management (Maintenance & Operation) Information Technology management is the discipline whereby all of the technology resources of a firm are managed in accordance with its needs and priorities. These resources may include tangible investments like computer hardware, software, data, networks and data centre facilities, as well as the staffs who are hired to maintain them. Managing this responsibility within a company entails many of the basic management functions, like budgeting, staffing, and organizing and controlling, along with other aspects that are unique to technology, like change management, software design, network planning, tech support etc. (2009, McNurlin) According to Bird, a primary focus of IT management is the value creation made possible by technology. This requires the alignment of technology and business strategies. While the value creation for an organization involves a network of relationships between internal and external environments, technology plays an important role in improving the overall value chain of an organization. However, this increase requires business and technology management to work as a creative, synergistic, and collaborative team instead of a purely mechanistic span of control. Technology Management is just the same as any other management disciplines that are out there. It is basically employing the following traits. †¢Planning †¢Organizing †¢Staffing †¢Implementing †¢Monitoring †¢Evaluation However, for Technology Management to be effectively implemented, the Technology Factor has to be added to all the traits mentioned above. We all know that technology makes life much easier or more complicated based on how it is used or implemented, but technology will form into everyone’s life. But technology was made and developed primarily because there is a need to be fulfilled and you want to make things much easier. Technology thereby becomes an imperative factor that you need to incorporate in the daily carrying on of your professional lives. It is a very important tool, together with the values that go along with it; innovation, creativity, efficiency; in the conduct of your business. Technology applies to all, from the marketing to communications, product development to process innovations and so on. Throughout information technology management, it will be able to show one the way to harness the technology developed and innovated in order to create value for the company, giving AirAsia the edge to compete, providing the company with the competitive advantage. A person who would be in charge of this department in an organization would be the Chief Information Officer or CIO. Chief information Officer (CIO) is a position commonly given to the person in an enterprise who supports the enterprise goals which are responsible for the computer systems and information technology (IT) applications. The importance of information technology has created a trend whereby the position of the CIO has come to be viewed in many organizations as a key contributor in formulating strategic goals (Qais International, n.d). According to a cited Meta Group study, leading CIOs are playing dramatically more influential business roles than they have at any time in past (Bernard.A, 2005). Besides that, Graham Waller, senior vice president with Meta’s Executive Directions advisory service is quoted as saying, â€Å"Savvy CIOs have demonstrated their transformational value to senior management during the past three years, even while operating during a down economy.† In recent years, an increasingly significant business role has developed from being a purely technical support functions toward a more commercially-focused part of the business. Currently CIOs are expected to create innovative solutions which could affect the success of the organization such as increase profits, reduce costs, and to contribute in important managerial decisions (Hooshmand.A, 2008). In the past, CIOs were only responsible for the computer systems and information technology applications that supported enterprise objectives. In this case the Regional Head for Innovation Commercial & Technology for AirAsia would be Mr. Lau Kin Choy. In order to transform the vision into reality for an organization such as AirAsia, requires more than a great strategy. It is essential that the organization make the strategy an integral part of its operation (Bradford, 2002). This statement, although made with reference to the business strategy and operations, also holds true for business strategy and IT initiative. When the business strategy and IT are aligned, the IT infrastructure can continuously sense the changing business needs and respond by provisioning or redeploying resources to match the demands of the business. (Pultorak, 2004). AirAsia being a Lower Cost Carrier or ,LCC, business strategy is that of focused leadership that requires continuous cost reductions in order to stay ahead of its competition all along the value chain. The various Information Technology implementations that have been made by AirAsia and its benefit are as follows. The few system implementations that AirAsia have done in its marketing and sales activities (Yield Management System and Computer Reservation System) as well as operation activity (Enterprise Resource Planning System), The Computer Reservation System (CRS), a Wireless Delivery System (WDS), and the Enterprise Resource Planning System (ERP) AirAsia has realized then increased revenue from up to 3 to 4 percent for the same number of aircrafts by taking advantage of the forecast of the high/low demand patterns, and effectively shifting the demand from low period to high period and by charging a premium for late bookings. Over the past couple of years, AirAsia have actually lowered prices (essential for LCC) as the YMS has given them the window to increase their revenue by offering higher discounts, more frequently during off-peak times while raising prices only marginally for peak times. (Voneche, n.d). Computer Reservation System (CRS) AirAsia’s CRS (Open Skies by Navitaire) has helped it to grow at a dramatic pace in the past couple of years â€Å"Navitaire’s Open Skies technology has truly enabled Airasia’s growth from 2 million passengers to 7.7 million passengers in less than two years. Open Skies scaled easily to accommodate our growth.† – Tony Fernandes – Source: Navitaire (http://www.navitaire.com/res_and_dist/openskies.asp) It is an integrated web-based reservation and inventory system. It includes Internet, call center, airport departure control and more. It is a direct sales engine that effectively eliminates the middleman (travel agents) and the sales commissions that need to be paid to them. Centralized customer data is also maintained by Open Skies and this helps AirAsia to track booking and schedule flight activities with real-time, on-demand reporting feature. The vast booking information that is provided online to the customers acts as a force that brings more customers to use the website thus reducing the customer support costs. An important feature is that Open Skies seamlessly integrates with the already implemented YMS so that the systems can be used in unison for pricing and revenue maximization (by providing information on bookings, schedules and driving down the costs of operation at the same time. This CRS enabled AirAsia to introduce the first ticket less travel option and also provides features such as advanced boarding passes in addition to online booking that enabled the growth of AirAsia as these features attracted customers that did not have the time for purchasing tickets from counters and coming in 1 hour early for securing a seat on the aircraft. AirAsia have proposed to implement a Wireless Delivery System (WDS) to expand it reach via mobile phones. With this, potential customers will be able to book tickets via their mobile phones. This is a strategic move for growth as the Asia-Pacific region has a larger population of mobile phone users rather than internet users. Enterprise Resource Planning System (ERP) AirAsia has, as in of May 2005, opted for a full fledged ERP system implemented by Avanade consultants. By implementing this package AirAsia is looking to successfully maintain process integrity, reduce financial month-end closing processing times, and speed up reporting and data retrieval processes. (Microsoft Malaysia) APS (Advanced planning and scheduling system) AirAsia has now implemented the Aps system, where it works as a decision support software application. This Advances Planning and Scheduling system aare usually implemented as an add-on software that complements a company’s transaction software system by providing advances analyticl andd optimization functionality focusid on improving supply chain planning. There are different modules that come into play with the APS such as Demand Planning, Network Optimization, Supply Planning, and Factory Schedule software that all work together to provide the APS’s core functionality. IT Implementations and Strategic Alignment With the above implementations, it is clear that the business strategy and the IT strategy are aligned to for AirAsia to operate on a low-cost model. There are four models to Strategic Alignment Perspective (Henderson and Venkatraman, 1993). Namely: Strategic Execution, Technology Transformation, Competitive Potential and Service Level. All the systems implemented act as enablers in achieving the business strategy of AirAsia by reducing the costs of operation (CRS, ERP) and maximizing revenue (YMS). These cost savings are directly transferred to the customer with reduced prices of traveling, discounts etc. The business strategy acts as the driver in this perspective (Technology Transformation). Figure 2 – Technology Transformation Source: Henderson and Venkatraman, IBM Systems Journal 1993 With expansion as one of the main future direction as well as increased competition, APS system is recommended as a new way to improve processes and therefore achieving cost reductions along the value chain. The main difference of APS system compared to the previous system implementations is that APS system focuses on internal operational processes perspective while the other systems such as YMS and CRS more focus on customer perspective. All systems provide cost advantages in different domains in the value chain. In relation to strategic alignment, APS system like other previous systems fits smoothly in Technology Transformation perspective. Reduced costs in inbound logistics and operation activities will be the direct result of implementing APS enabling AirAsia in achieving its low cost business strategy. The operational environment of an airline industry is complex. Large network in the supply chain, continuous daily operation, and several external uncontrollable variables such as weather condition and government regulations become factors affecting airlines’ performance. Given these complexities, operational planning and scheduling across the supply chain are important factors determining the success of any airline. In order to increase the efficiency of operational performance and manage its supply chain, AirAsia had implemented the ERP system. It is a system focusing on capturing transactions in daily operations and helping AirAsia to save its operational costs as well as to increase the efficiency and integrity in its operation (Microsoft Press Pass, 2005). However, conventional ERP system implemented by AirAsia does not provide flexibility and intelligence required to analyze data for better supply chain management. APS system optimizes AirAsia’s supply chain management. It works as the brain of supply chain activities (Ahmed, 2004) by gearing activities in relation with customers and suppliers requirements. APS system clusters and classifies customer orders, forecasts future fulfilment requirements, checks resources availability and sets order priorities. Moreover, APS system helps AirAsia in gaining competitive advantage as it provides visibility across supply chain. APS system will improve AirAsia’s strategic and operational performances particularly in the inbound and operational activities. Potential Ideas in the Information Technology Aspect In order to gain market share and sustain its competitive advantages to be the low cost carrier in the high demanding environment, AirAsia must develop new ways to manage both customer relationships and suppliers or partners to optimize customer loyalty, supplier relationships, and revenue. The following diagram shows the strategic forces of value proposition of the airline industry, showing that the focus on Supplier and Alliances and customers will drive positive values to AirAsia can achieve. Customer Relationship Management (CRM) application will be one of the area of strategic IT implementation that AirAsia can focus to achieve high values to both shareholders and customers. In long term, customer relationships should be fostered for AirAsia to maintain competitive advantage and profitability. When planning and implementing CRM application, management is recommended the following approaches: Customer segmentation is where mileage-based segmentation is inadequate, rather should focused on value-based and needs-based approaches can guide investment decisions and drive greater insight into the needs of high value customers. Whereas CRM initiative development – to differentiate from other competitors, AirAsia should not adopt the â€Å"fast follower† approach to CRM initiative development, i.e. learning from other competitors’ approach (e.g.installing kiosks for fast check-in). AirAsia should implement CRM program in favor of investing in initiatives with a high return, which respond to the needs and desires of their own customers and Organizational design and management is where AirAsia needs to train the employees, empowering them with a complete view of the customer and clearly articulating the employee’s role in the CRM strategy. Conclusion AirAsia as I thought was just a company that provided a low cost carrying airline company. Well that is true but after studying the information and technological aspect of the company, i have come to realize that there is so much more to the company than I realized. The systems in place are simple and efficient and wouldn’t look that impressive but the key of it was the collaboration of all these systems put together is what makes AirAsia what it is. The position of managing the technology in AirAsia is gaining importance in today’s world where technology is making a larger impact in organizations. Having the right person filling the role of the head of technology management can either make or break the company. In the case of Airasia, it is even more important and more difficult to find the right man. This is because Airasia has a set of policies and a vision that sets itself apart from other large corporations or organizations. At times, this flies in the face of conventional wisdom that is adopted at most other places, exemplified by Google’s strict insistence on maintaining employee’s freedom of choice. An organization like AirAsia which considers itself to be ‘special’ and ‘outstanding’, needs a CIO or CTO who is even more special and outstanding. The researchers have outlined some qualities that are needed, and by using examples of situations that have and are continuing to occur in AirAsia, make suggestions on how using these qualities, a CIO or CTO can address those issues.Service Level Agreements are basically agreements between those offering a service and those who are receiving or using that service. Basically it is a form of protection against the unexpected. In the business world, guarantees are very important, not only from the business and operational sense, but also in the sense of upholding a reputation. AirAsia have a fairly solid SLA in place, however it is not without shortcomings. A close examination reveals that there are a multitude of improvements that can be made. Better drafting of SLAs can help simplify work for the company and also allow it to focus more on the core operational issues. SLAs can also be advantageous in driving down costs and creating beneficial partnerships. With the importance of SLAs well established, the researchers have pointed out some areas that AirAsia would do well to consider to help improve its standing in this regard, and suggested some ways in which it could do so.All in all this has been a learning experience for the researchers, who have been able to link the theories learned in class to real world cases and scenarios which have helped create a better understanding of the issues that have been discussed during class. References: McNurlin, Barbara, et. al. (2009). â€Å"Information Systems Management in Practice (8th ed.)†. Prentice Hall Bird, M. (2010). Modern Management Guide to Information Technology. Create Space Anon, 2004, About Us, AirAsia, http://www.airasia.com/my/en/corporate/corporateprofile.page, Accessed on the 6th of July 2012 B.K. Sidhu, 2012, Tony fernandes speask to Star Biz on Airasia’s future plans, Available from http://biz.thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=/2012/6/15/business/11484860&sec=business, Accessed on the 10th of July 2012. Margaret Rouse, 2009, Advanced planning and scheduling http://searchmanufacturingerp.techtarget.com/definition/advanced-planning-and-scheduling-APS, Accessed on the 5th of July 2012. Charles Kho, 2005, Strategic IT Initiative, Available from, http://sandygarink.tripod.com/papers/AA_SITA.pdf, Accessed on the 7th of July 2012. Anon, 2002, Management in Technology, Available from, http://www.unido.org/fileadmin/user_media/Publications/Pub_free/Management_of_technology_selected_papers_at_Vienna_Global_Forum.pdf Accessed on the 7th of July 2012. WIT, 2011, Technology enhances AirAsia’s product and service delivery http://www.4hoteliers.com/4hots_nshw.php?mwi=9119, Accessed on the 7th of July 2012. Bernard.A, 2005, New Roles, New Responsibilities: Today’s CIO [online],

The Path to Nationhood. NZs involvement in Asia 1945-1985 essays

The Path to Nationhood. NZs involvement in Asia 1945-1985 essays In 1945-1985 NZ was involved militarily in Asia. The main reason was the Canberra pact of 1944. The main conflicts NZ was involved in were Korea (1950-1953), Malaysia (1960-1966), and Vietnam (1965-1972). One of the reasons NZ was involved in Asia was the Canberra pact, signed in 1944. It was actually an illegal pact, as NZ hadnt adopted the Statute of Westminster that gave them control over their external affairs. The Canberra pact was signed with Australia, because they (Australia and NZ) were afraid that the Allies would forget or ignore them in post-war settlements. In the Canberra pact NZ and Australia pledged to consult with each other about goings-on in the region. It also said they would oppose military installations and build a council that would promote economical and social growth. NZ believed in Collective Security. This meant that they were involved in the United Nations and the Commonwealth. Some of the documents that NZ signed that committed her to the Asian conflicts were ANZAM where Australia, Britain and NZ planed defense for Malaya. ANZAM was replaced by the Five Power Defence Arrangement in 1971. The ANZUS treaty of 1951 was between Australia, NZ and USA. And the SEATO agreement was the SouthEast Asia Treaty Organization, signed in 1954 with Australia, Britain, France, Pakistan, Philippines, Thailand, and USA. NZ was involved in Korea after North Korea invaded South in 1950. The UN decided this was aggressive action and sent in troops. NZ sent K-Force troops, artillery, airforce, infantry and 6 frigates. 33 men were killed and 79 wounded. In Malaysia, NZ troops stopped communist aggression as part of ANZAM. They were stationed in Singapore. In 1963 the federation of Malaysia was formed and troops stayed to look after the new nation. Indonesian guerillas had running battles with troops. This lasted until 1966 when Indonesia withdrew her troops. ...

What Were You Doing ESL Beginner Dialogue

What Were You Doing ESL Beginner Dialogue This dialogue focuses on the use of the both the past continuous and past simple. The past continuous is used to speak about actions that were interrupted in the past such as: I was watching TV when you telephoned. Practice the dialogue with your partner and then practice the use of these two forms on your own beginning with the question What ​where you doing when past simple.   English Dialogue Practice: What Were You Doing? Betsy: I telephoned you yesterday afternoon but you didnt answer? Where were you? Brian: I was in another room when you called. I didnt hear the phone ringing until it was too late. Betsy: What were you working on?​ Brian: I was photocopying a report that I needed to send to a client. What were you doing when you telephoned? Betsy: I was looking for Tom and couldnt find him. Do you know where he was? Brian: Tom was driving to a meeting. Betsy: Oh, I see. What did you do yesterday? Brian: I met the representatives from Drivers in the morning. In the afternoon, I worked on the report and was just finishing when you telephoned. What did you do Betsy: Well, at 9 I had a meeting with Ms. Anderson. After that, I did some research.​ Brian: Sounds like a boring day! Betsy: Yes, I dont really like doing research. But it needs to be done. Brian: I agree with you on that- no research,no business! Betsy: Tell me about the report. What do you think of it? Brian: I think the report is a good. Tom believes its good, too. Betsy: I know that every report you write is excellent. Brian: Thank you Betsy, you are always a good friend!

Fair value Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Fair value - Essay Example value measurement, there is need to know the meaning of fair value which is basically â€Å"exit price of† a market transaction rather than specifically applicable only to an entity. Said fair value depends basically whether or not there is an active market or not but preferably the exit price must be that of active market, if there is any. Thus if there is active market, the exit price would refer to quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities that a company or entity can access at measurement date. Thus if there is no active market, that which is observable or objective available should be the basis for said fair value as much as possible. However, IFRS categorizes the fair value into three (3) inputs which are arranged in hierarchy giving priority giving the highest priority to (adjusted) quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs as provided or in IFRS 13:72 (Deloitte 2014a). When it is required to use fair value? It is required for certain assets and liabilities as implemented in each IAS or IFRS issued by the IASB. As such, the measurement and disclosure requirement under IFRS 13 do not apply to the following according to IFRS 13.6: (1) Share-based payment transaction within the scope of IFRS 2 – Share-based Payment; (2) Leasing transactions within the scoped of IAS 17 – Leases; (3) Measurements that appear similar to fair value but are not the same, such as the net realizable value in IAS 2 – Inventories, and; (4) Value n use in IAS 36- Impairment of assets (BDO, nod) When it is permitted? It is permitted as provided for certain assets and liabilities also as implemented by specific IAS or IFRS issued by IASB. In both cases however, there is a requirement of disclosure about the fair value measurement being used by the entity (Deloitte, 2014a). In so applying the categorization of inputs to measure fair value using different levels of the fair values

Population Changes and its Effect on Adult Education Research Paper

Population Changes and its Effect on Adult Education - Research Paper Example This specifically has become its advantage in the international trade considering that many multinational companies want to invest in China for profit maximization in particular. However, in some parts of the world, the increase of population has become a considerable problem of the government. In the case of developing countries, many people could not afford to go to school and get their degree due to the incapacity of the government to set enough budgets for free education for all. There are specifically many issues and these include socioeconomic factors that need to be faced. Maintaining a quality life in the case of highly populated nation has become a struggle especially in developing countries (Glewwe & Kremer, 2006). On the contrary, this may not be a great deal of problem in highly developed countries knowing that the government can afford to subsidize public education. However, in the case of highly populated countries, private institutions for education have become the sta ndard for quality education. Thus, these sectors are ensuring that their service is a cut above the other. This is their specific strategic move in order to entice students with their standard quality service in obtaining higher degree especially in adult education. The impact of population change on education Clearly, population change has become a considerable factor on how the system of education has been structured (Blanden & Machin, 2010; Climent, 2008). For instance, in Australia, there is a strong effort to promote standard and quality education amidst the rapidly increasing population. This has become its central focus considering that its economic standing in the world is so far one of the most great in contemporary time. The point of the country is to ensure that adult education has to be of high quality considering that the there is corresponding increase in population. However, in contrast, education in Africa for instance is remarkably poor knowing that there are other important issues that need to be addressed aside from it. There are other social issues that may be tied up to economic considerations. Food in Africa has become far more important than obtaining a degree. In line with this, it is clear enough that the country needs to focus on the problem from the basic point of view which particularly would involve population control. This example may be contrasting, but it is evident that the level of focus given on education can be influenced by population change. In the Philippines for instance, the country is currently debating on reproductive health bill. The current president of the country is very clear about its stand on the major impacts of population increase. This is the reason that he is strong in his stand for reproductive control issues. There is a need to certainly reduce the number of children that a family should have due to current status of the country. In fact, the current situation of the country is a concrete example how educ ation is compromised by high population. The government could not totally support the need of students for higher education due to high budget. The country has to allocate other budget. Thus, there are remarkable budgetary constraints. There are state universities in the country but there is always deficit on budget leading to poor educational